Blood-Levels

“Liver toxicity” of mice force-fed with unreasonable amounts CBD

Here, an excellent example of how valuable it is for scientific literature to be read critically and thoughtfully. When reporters read, or extract, or convey only partial conclusions, it is all-too-easy for consumers to absorb an incomplete, undigested message. As consumers of journalism, the public deserves a more knowledgeable understanding. Here (http://bit.ly/2KV0jeG), Forbes (Mike Adams) conveys an unfortunate lack of deep consideration in the reporting. Thankfully, a brief quote is conveyed by Dr. Koturbash, who “was quick to point out that the CBD products coming to market may not pose this particular risk” – but this stone-throw of even-handedness falls short to appropriately balance an article already dripping with misgivings and incomplete evaluation of the material at hand.

For a more layered view of the science, the word “gavage,” as was applied to the mice in the study, describes force-feeding animals with a tube down their throats, often taped to mouths which are then kept gaping open. This is meant to simulate the biological processes of eating (different from giving meds IV, for example.) There is no regard to the stress that this process causes the animals, as they are treated as though they are biological CBD-processing machines. In the days where many people are taking 10mg pills of CBD per day, the amounts of CBD that were force-fed to these animals in this study, if translated to humans, would be 4,305mg, 12,915mg, and 43,050mg over 10 days, or 17,220mg, 51,660mg, and 172,200mg in one-shot doses.) For reference, these days, most dispensaries sell CBD in doses of 10mg, 20mg, up to 2-300mg.)

In the study, the authors suggest that they allow animals to eat “ad libitum,” as if to convey that they are treated with a buffet. And yet, the animals being stuffed with 43,050mg (human equivalent) of CBD still lost weight, while others (given 172,200mg (human equivalent) had uneven weight distribution.) To any reader considering these values critically, it must seem absurd to make conclusions about the actions of CBD as what is causing these effects, as if the fact of over-stuffing itself has no impact at all.

An analogy to this study: If you add 17,000 cars (or 172,000!) to a tunnel on the way to the airport, and stuff each car full of way too many people, there might be problematic levels of concern inside that tunnel.

Let’s hope to see more even-handed consideration and reporting from Forbes, in the future.

View this review (yellow link) or download:

This paper is also stored here:    http://bit.ly/2WWNOGA     inside the CED Foundation Archive

Here, another study that shows very different results. Instead of overstuffing mice w/ unrealistic amounts, if one administers CBD at sensible doses in the same population of mice, it turns out that CBD could directly reduce alcohol drinking, improve healthy processes in the liver, and alcohol-related brain damage…

“CBD reduces alcohol-related steatosis & fibrosis in the liver by reducing lipid accumulation, stimulating autophagy, modulating inflammation, reducing oxidative stress, & by inducing death of activated hepatic stellate cells” This new study:

This paper is also stored here: http://bit.ly/2IAvzOz  inside the CED Foundation Archive

To explore related information, click the keywords below:

Benjamin Caplan, MD“Liver toxicity” of mice force-fed with unreasonable amounts CBD
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Video: Cannabis, Cannabinoids, and Sleep: a Review of the Literature

Researchers published a literature review that investigates the relationship between cannabis and sleep. They examined six major sleeping disorders: insomnia, sleep apnea, REM behavior disorder, nightmares, sleep with chronic pain, and daytime sleepiness.

They found that THC might worsen daytime sleepiness and delayed onset of sleep; however, THC might help patients who suffer from sleep apnea and nightmares. Meanwhile, CBD might reduce daytime sleepiness and insomnia while increasing the total amount of sleep.

View this review (yellow link) or download:

This paper is also stored here:     http://bit.ly/2KSSSoi    inside the CED Foundation Archive

To explore related information, click the keywords below:

Benjamin Caplan, MDVideo: Cannabis, Cannabinoids, and Sleep: a Review of the Literature
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Compounds in Citrus Peels Functioning as Preventive Agents for Prostate Cancer

Effect of citrus peel extracts on the cellular quiescence of prostate cancer cells

A recent study has revealed that citrus peel extracts (CPE) have the potential to prevent prostate cancer from recurring in post-therapy cancer patients. A component of CPE, flavonoids, have previously been found to have anticancer effects, but appear to lack the correct structure to prevent tumors in patients with prostate cancer. This specific study found that the citric acid present in CPE was the contributing factor to its anticancer effects but mentioned that flavonoids should continue to be researched for chemopreventive benefits.

View this review (yellow link) or download:

This paper is also stored here:    http://bit.ly/2KMVxzK     inside the CED Foundation Archive

To explore related information, click keywords below:

Benjamin Caplan, MDCompounds in Citrus Peels Functioning as Preventive Agents for Prostate Cancer
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Effects of Cannabis are More Marked in Occasional Rather than Chronic Cannabis Users

Effect of Smoked Cannabis on Vigilance and Accident Risk Using Simulated Driving in Occasional and Chronic Users and the Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Relationship

In a study comparing the short-term effects of cannabis consumption on occasional and chronic cannabis users, occasional users were found to have slower reaction times, experience effects sooner, and have cannabis persist in their bloodstream longer than among chronic cannabis users. Both occasional and chronic users experienced impaired reaction times that affected their performance in a driving simulation. Both chronic and occasional marijuana users should be cognizant of the amount of time in which they are impaired following cannabis consumption and abstain from driving.

This paper is stored here: http://bit.ly/2Z3sxI1

To explore related literature, click keywords below:

Benjamin Caplan, MDEffects of Cannabis are More Marked in Occasional Rather than Chronic Cannabis Users
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